More than 90,000 new cancer cases a year in the United States may be due to physical inactivity and prolonged periods of sitting, a new analysis shows.
The analysis, being presented this week at the annual conference of the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) in Washington, D.C., cites about 49,000 cases of breast cancer and 43,000 of colon cancer.
"This gives us some idea of the cancers we could prevent by getting people to be more active," says epidemiologist Christine Friedenreich of Alberta Health Services in Calgary, Canada. Calculations are based on U.S. physical activity data and cancer incidence statistics. "This is a conservative estimate," she says. "The more physical activity you do, the lower your risk of these cancers."
Experts have known for years that physical activity decreases the risk of chronic diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. This study is one of the first to predict the number of cases that might be prevented if people were more physically active.
A brisk daily walk of at least 30 minutes could lower a person's risk over time for breast cancer and colon cancer.
Friedenreich reviewed more than 200 cancer studies worldwide and found convincing evidence that regular physical activity reduces the risk of breast cancer, colon cancer and endometrial cancer by 25% to 30%. There's some evidence that regular exercise also reduces the risk of lung, prostate and ovarian cancer.
Earlier studies investigated the health dangers of sitting too long without moving around, which is called "sitting disease."
In a study of 123,000 people, nutritionists found that the more time people spent sitting, the higher their risk of dying early. Even among individuals who were regularly active, the risk of dying prematurely was higher among those who spent more time sitting.
Even if you are doing half an hour of aerobic activity a day, you need to make sure you don't sit for prolonged periods the remainder of the day. You must get up and take breaks from sitting. Stretch, jog in place for one to two minutes, do some yoga poses or Tai Chi.
The message is clear. Prolonged sitting increases the risk of some types of cancer, such as colon, endometrial and ovarian cancers.
Many people sit an average of seven to 9½ hours a day. Getting out of that chair at least once each hour may extend your life.
Friedenreich and her team are looking into why exercise reduces cancer risk. In a study of 320 post-menopausal women, she has found that physical activity appears to decrease the risk of cancer by increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing body fat, inflammation, metabolic hormones and sex steroids hormones.
